The TFT-LCD panel can be mainly disassembled into three parts:
1. LCD panel
2. TFT panel
3. Backlight board module




背光层其实便是背光光源与导光板的结构，其实就是能发白光的灯管or发光二极管，背光光源现在大多是LED光源。由于液晶分子自身是无法发光的，因此若想出现画面，液晶显示屏需要专门的发光源来提供光线，然后经过液晶分子的偏转来产生不同的颜色。而背光源起到的就是提供光能的作用。灯管发光后藉由导光板将光线分布到各处，通过背面的反射板将所有的光线的方向集中朝向液晶分子。最后光线通过扩散板（或导光板）将光线均匀的散发出去，避免出现中央亮度过高、四周亮度过低的情况。1. Backlight source (or backlight module)
The backlight layer is actually the structure of the backlight source and the light guide plate, which is actually a lamp tube or light-emitting diode that can emit white light. Nowadays, most backlight sources are LED light sources. Due to the fact that liquid crystal molecules themselves cannot emit light, in order to create a visual effect, a dedicated light source is needed for the liquid crystal display screen to provide light, which is then deflected by the liquid crystal molecules to produce different colors. And the backlight serves to provide light energy. After the lamp tube emits light, the light is distributed to various places through a light guide plate, and all the directions of the light are concentrated towards the liquid crystal molecules through a reflection plate on the back. Finally, the light is evenly distributed through a diffuser (or light guide) to avoid situations where the central brightness is too high and the surrounding brightness is too low.
2. Diffusion film
In the backlight structure, it mainly plays a role in correcting the diffusion angle, which increases the light radiation area but reduces the light intensity per unit area, that is, reduces the brightness. After the luminescent light source is diffused by the diffusion material, it can become a larger area with better uniformity;
3. Brightening film
Also known as a prism film, it usually has two layers, mainly for enhancing brightness. The prism film is placed between the diffuser of the backlight source and the LCD panel. It can converge the uniformly divergent light emitted from the diffuser to the axial angle, that is, the positive viewing angle, and improve the axial brightness without increasing the total output light flux; If the diffuser or prism film is locally damaged, the exported light will have problems, resulting in white spots and other issues reflected on the screen;
4. Two polarizers on the upper and lower layers
The function of a polarizing film is to allow light to pass through in a single direction. The polarizing layer is made by dyeing and stretching PVA film, which is the main part of the polarizing film, also known as the polarizing film. It determines the polarization performance and transmittance of the polarizer, while also affecting the color tone and optical durability of the polarizer.

5. Two glass substrates on the upper and lower layers
A glass substrate is not just as simple as two pieces of glass. It has a groove structure on the inner side and is attached with a coordination film, which allows liquid crystal molecules to arrange neatly along the grooves. TFT thin film transistors and color filters will be pasted on both sides of the upper and lower layers of glass. The liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between two layers of glass;
6. Thin film transistor (also known as TFT)
We often refer to TFT-LCD, which actually refers to this thin film transistor. Its function is similar to a switch. TFT can control the signal voltage on the IC control circuit and deliver it to the liquid crystal molecules, determining the angle of deviation of the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, it is a very important component.
7. Liquid crystal molecular layer
The liquid crystal molecular layer is the most important element that changes the polarization state of light, and its arrangement and polarization state are determined by both electric and elastic forces.
8. Color filter
The light deflected by liquid crystal molecules can only display different grayscales, but cannot provide the three primary colors of red, green, and blue (RGB), while color filters are composed of RGB filters, which are mixed to adjust the colors and brightness. Each pixel in the LCD panel is composed of three points: red, green, and blue, each with a different grayscale variation. A filter is made by adding special dyes to plastic or glass sheets, while a red filter can only allow red light to pass through, and so on. The transmittance of glass sheets was originally similar to that of air, allowing all colored light to pass through, making them transparent. However, after dyeing with dyes, the molecular structure changes and the refractive index also changes, resulting in changes in the passage of certain colored light. For example, when a beam of white light passes through a blue filter, it emits a beam of blue light, while green and red light are very rare and mostly absorbed by the filter.
Ruxin Gaoliang is a technology-based enterprise that focuses on the research and production of LCD screens, integrating research and development, production, sales, and after-sales service. It provides customized processing of 1.44-110 full-size TFT LCD modules, strip LCD screens, Gaoliang LCD screens, strip screen advertising machines, etc. We can provide customers with professional customized LCD screens and overall solutions.