LCD refers to a liquid crystal display screen. The structure of LCD is to place a liquid crystal box between two parallel glass substrates. TFT (thin film transistor) is set on the lower substrate glass, and color filters are set on the upper substrate glass. The rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the signal and voltage changes on the TFT, thereby achieving the display purpose of controlling whether each pixel emits polarized light.
The physical characteristics of LCD display screen: When powered on, it conducts and arranges in an orderly manner, making it easy for light to pass through; When not powered on, the arrangement is chaotic, preventing light from passing through. Let the LCD block or allow light to penetrate like a gate. Technically speaking, the LCD panel contains two quite delicate sodium free glass materials called Substrates, with a layer of liquid crystal sandwiched between them. When the light beam passes through this layer of liquid crystal, the liquid crystal itself will stand or twist in an irregular shape, thereby blocking or allowing the light beam to pass smoothly. Most liquid crystals belong to organic complexes, composed of long rod-shaped molecules. In their natural state, the long axis of these rod-shaped molecules is roughly parallel. Pour the liquid crystal into a finely processed slotted plane, and the liquid crystal molecules will be arranged along the grooves. Therefore, if those grooves are very parallel, the molecules will also be completely parallel.
The principle of LCD monochrome display screen: LCD technology is to fill the liquid crystal between two planes with fine grooves. The grooves on these two planes are perpendicular to each other (intersecting at 90 degrees). That is to say, if molecules on one plane are arranged in a north-south direction, then molecules on the other plane are arranged in an east-west direction, and molecules located between the two planes are forced into a 90 degree twisting state. Due to the fact that light propagates in the direction of molecular arrangement, it is also twisted 90 degrees when passing through liquid crystals. But when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, the molecules will rearrange vertically, allowing light to shine directly without any twisting.
The display screen LCD relies on polarization filters (chips) and the light itself. Natural light diverges randomly in all directions. Polarization filters are actually a series of increasingly thin parallel lines. These lines form a network that blocks all light rays that are not parallel to these lines. The line of the polarizing filter is exactly perpendicular to the first one, so it can completely block those already polarized light rays. Only when the lines of the two filters are completely parallel, or the light itself has twisted to match the second polarization filter, can the light penetrate.

The working principle of LCD color display screen: For more complex color displays that need to be used in laptop or desktop LCD displays, a dedicated color filtering layer is also required to handle color displays. Usually, in a color LCD panel, each pixel is composed of three LCD cells, with red, green, or blue filters in front of each cell. In this way, different colors can be displayed on the screen through the lighting of different cells.
Nowadays, almost all LCDs used in laptops or desktop systems use thin film transistors (TFTs) to activate cells in the liquid crystal layer. TFT LCD technology can display clearer and brighter images.
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