Liquid crystal molecules in a certain arrangement state will change towards other arrangement states by applying an electric field, and the optical properties of the liquid crystal box will also change accordingly. This phenomenon of light transformation through optical methods is called the electro-optic effect of liquid crystals.
From the perspective of liquid crystal display applications, most of the electro-optic effects of liquid crystals are shown in Figures 1-8. From a historical perspective, in 1968, J Wysocki et al. first discovered the phase transition effect; Then, in the same year, G Heilmeier et al. published dynamic scattering effects and guest host effects.
In 1971, M Schadt et al. published on the twisted nematic effect; In the same year, M Schiekel et al. and M Hareng et al. almost simultaneously published the birefringent electric field control effect. Subsequently, in 1972, F Kahn et al. published on thermal effects. In 1975, R Meyer et al. discovered the ferroelectric liquid crystal effect, which was a relatively new electro-optic effect at the time.
And, in 1985, J Ferguson et al. published on the polymer dispersion (PD) effect; Prior to this, in 1984, T Scheffer et al. published on the electro optical effects of superbirefringence/supertwisted nematic effects.
In the electric field effect, TN effect, GH effect, ECB effect, SBE/STN effect, and PC effect are all caused by the anisotropy of the dielectric constant of typical liquid crystals and the interaction force between the electric field, which is called the electric field effect type of dielectric anisotropy.
On the contrary, the electric field effect generated by the interaction force between the spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric liquid crystals and the electric field should belong to the FLC mode, which is different from the previous mode.
On the other hand, the DS effect is generated by the anisotropy of liquid crystal conductivity and the interaction force between the electric field, hence it is called the current effect type. In addition, the electro-optic effect that requires heating while applying an electric field is called the thermal effect type.
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